Rural population change and settlement patterns in the Kaliningrad region in 1991 – 2021

The borders of the exclave Kaliningrad region have a more pronounced barrier function than those other Russian territories. That is why local socio-economic system self-contained. economic, social, demographic, ekistic, and processes are easy to model there, regional theories convenient test. aim article identify patterns polarization settlement in factors that most significant impact on migration movement population development rural areas. This analyses statistical data changes reveal elements centre-periphery concept. We use economic-statistical, graphical, cartographic methods track polarisation economy. A distinction drawn between centre periphery, which differ qualitatively. rapidly developing agglomeration west constitutes centre, whilst less urbanised underachieving east makes up periphery. In west, often involved non-agricultural activities works city. Proximity towns allows benefit from urban infrastructure, improves their quality life. Both areas positive net rate accounted for by inflow region, Russia’s eastern northern territories, neighbouring countries. People leaving municipalities because modernisation agriculture, reduction employment industry, slow emergence new jobs, poorer living conditions.